Ezi zilandelayo zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuqhuba iCase equla:
khusela i-aquifers yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo
ukunika amandla okufakwa kwezixhobo ze-wellhead, kubandakanywa ne-BOPs
ukubonelela ngokunyaniseka koxinzelelo ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo ze-wellhead, kubandakanywa ne-BOPs, zivaliwe
Vala izinto ezivuzayo okanye ezaphukileyo apho ulwelo lokugrumba kulahleka khona
tywina ulwakhiwo lwamandla aphantsi ukuze amandla aphezulu (kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokubanzi) kungene ngokukhuselekileyo.
Vala iindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuze ukubunjwa koxinzelelo olusezantsi kugrunjwe ngoxinaniso lolwelo olusezantsi
zivale izinto eziyinkathazo, njengetyuwa equkuqelayo
ukuthobela iimfuno zolawulo (ezidla ngokunxulumana nenye yezi zinto zidweliswe ngasentla).
Casing
Umbhobho onobubanzi obukhulu wehliswa kumngxuma ovulekileyo kwaye ufakwe isamente endaweni.Umyili wequla kufuneka ayile ingxowa yokumelana neentlobo ngeentlobo zamandla, ezinje ngokuwa, ukugqabhuka, kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuqina, kunye neentlanti ezinobunkunkqele bekhemikhali.Uninzi lwamalungu ecasing alulwe ngemisonto yamadoda kwisiphelo ngasinye, kwaye ukudityaniswa kwecasing ubude obufutshane kunye nemisonto yabasetyhini kusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amalungu omntu omnye we-casing kunye, okanye amajoyinti e-casing anokwenziwa ngemisonto yamadoda kwelinye icala kunye nemisonto yabasetyhini kwi. enye.I-Casing iqhutyelwa ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwamanzi ahlaziyekileyo, ukwahlula indawo yembuyekezo elahlekileyo, okanye ukwahlula iifom ezinoxinzelelo olwahluke kakhulu.Ukusebenza ngexesha apho i-casing ifakwe kwiqula eliqhelekileyo libizwa ngokuba yi "running pipe."I-Casing idla ngokuveliswa ngentsimbi yekhabhoni engenanto enyangwa ubushushu ukuya kumandla ahlukeneyo kodwa inokwenziwa ngokukodwa ngentsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminiyam, i-titanium, i-fiberglass, kunye nezinye izinto.
Ukulawula kakuhle
Itheknoloji igxile ekugcineni uxinzelelo kwiifom ezivulekileyo (oko kukuthi, ukuvezwa kumthombo) ukuthintela okanye ukuqondisa ukuhamba kwamanzi okwenziwa kwiqula.Ubuchwephesha bubandakanya uqikelelo lokubunjwa koxinzelelo lolwelo, amandla okwakheka komhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-casing kunye nodaka loxinaniso ukuphelisa ezo ngcinezelo ngendlela eqikelelwayo.Kukwaqukwe neenkqubo zokusebenza zokunqanda ngokukhuselekileyo iqula ukuba lingaphumi ukuba kuthe kwakho ukuthontelana kolwelo olubunjwayo.Ukuqhuba iinkqubo zokulawula kakuhle, iivalve ezinkulu zifakwe phezulu kwiqula ukwenzela ukuba abasebenzi be-wellsite bavale iqula xa kukho imfuneko.
Umbhobho woQhaphaza
I-tubular steel conduit efakelwe iziphelo ezinemisonto ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-tool joints.Umbhobho wokubhobhoza udibanisa isixhobo somgangatho werig kunye nendibano yomngxuma ongezantsi kunye nesuntswana, zombini ukumpompa ulwelo lokomba kwisuntswana kunye nokukwazi ukunyusa, ukuthoba kunye nokujikelezisa indibano yomngxuma ongezantsi kunye nebit.
Umgca
Intambo yokubopha enganwebekiyo ukuya phezulu kumngxuma womthombo, kodwa endaweni yoko i-ankile okanye ixhonywe ngaphakathi kumzantsi womtya wokuhombisa wangaphambili.Akukho mahluko phakathi kwe-casing joints ngokwabo.Inzuzo kumyili womthombo welinen kukulondolozwa okukhulu kwintsimbi, kwaye ke iindleko ezinkulu.Ukugcina i-casing, nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye nomngcipheko zibandakanyeka.Umyili wequla kufuneka arhwebe ngezixhobo ezongezelelweyo, izinto ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemingcipheko echasene nokonga imali eyinkunzi enokubakho xa esenza isigqibo sokuba kuyilwe na i-liner okanye intambo yecasing ehamba yonke indlela ukuya phezulu equleni ("intambo ende").I-liner inokufakwa ngamacandelo akhethekileyo ukwenzela ukuba idibaniswe nomphezulu emva kwexesha xa kuyimfuneko.
Ukukrwitsha Line
Umbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu ophuma kwindawo yokuphuma kwisitaki se-BOP ukuya kuxinzelelo lwangasemva oluminxe kunye nobuninzi obunxulumeneyo.Ngexesha lemisebenzi yokulawula kakuhle, ulwelo oluphantsi koxinzelelo kwiqula luphuma equleni ngomgca wokuminxeka ukuya ekuminxeni, lunciphisa uxinzelelo lolwelo kuxinzelelo lomoya.Kwimisebenzi edadayo ekude nonxweme, imigca yokukrwitshwa kunye nokubulala iphuma kwisitaki se-BOP engaphantsi kolwandle kwaye emva koko ibaleke ngaphandle kwesinyusi sokugrumba ukuya phezulu.Iziphumo zevolumetric kunye ne-friction yale migca mide yokukrwitsha kunye nokubulala kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo iqula.
Isitaki seBop
Iseti yee-BOP ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ulawulo loxinzelelo lwequla.Isitaki esiqhelekileyo sisenokuqulatha isithinteli esinye ukuya kwezintandathu zohlobo lwenkunzi yegusha kwaye, ngokuzithandela, esinye okanye ezibini zohlobo lothintelo lonyaka.Ubume bemfumba obuqhelekileyo bunezithinteli zeegusha emazantsi kunye nabathinteli be-annular phezulu.
Ukucwangciswa kwabathinteli be-stack kulungiselelwe ukubonelela ngokunyaniseka koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukhuseleko kunye nokuguquguquka xa kwenzeka isiganeko sokulawula kakuhle.Umzekelo, kuqwalaselo lweenkunzi zeegusha ezininzi, iseti enye yeenkunzi zeegusha inokufakwa ukuba ivale kwi-5-in diameter drillpipe, enye iseti imiselwe i-4 1/2-in drillpipe, eyesithathu ifakelwe iinkunzi zeegusha ezingaboniyo ukuze kuvalwe kumngxuma ovulekileyo, kwaye eyesine ifakelwe inkunzi yegusha yokucheba ekwaziyo ukusika nokuxhoma umbhobho njengendlela yokugqibela.
Kuqhelekile ukuba ne-annular preventer okanye ezimbini phezulu kwesitaki kuba ii-annular zingavalwa kuluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi ze-tubular kunye ne-openhole, kodwa azilinganiswanga kuxinzelelo oluphezulu njengeenqama zegusha.Isitaki se-BOP sikwabandakanya ii-spools ezahlukeneyo, iiadaptha kunye neendawo zokukhupha imibhobho ukuvumela ukuhanjiswa kolwelo lwequla phantsi koxinzelelo xa kukho isiganeko solawulo lomthombo.
Ukuminxeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo
Iseti yeevalvu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nemibhobho enxulumeneyo edla ngokubandakanya ubuncinci ukuminxeka okubini okuhlengahlengiswayo, okucwangciswe ngohlobo lokuba ukukrwitshwa okuhlengahlengiswayo kube yodwa kwaye kukhutshwe ngaphandle kwenkonzo ukuze kulungiswe kwaye kuhlaziywe ngelixa ukuhamba kakuhle kubhekiswa kwelinye.
Uvimba amanzi
Umda ongaphantsi komhlaba welitye one-porosity eyaneleyo kunye nokungena kwamanzi ukugcina kunye nokuhambisa ulwelo.Amatye eSedimentary ngawona matye axhaphakileyo agcina amanzi ngenxa yokuba ane-porosity eninzi kunamatye amaninzi ane-igneous kunye ne-metamorphic kwaye abumba phantsi kweemeko zobushushu apho i-hydrocarbons inokugcinwa khona.Indawo yokugcina amanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yepetroleum epheleleyo.
Ukugqitywa
I-hardware esetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwee-hydrocarbons ukusuka equleni.Oku kunokusuka kwinto engekhoyo ngaphandle kompakishi okwityhubhu engaphezulu komngxuma ovulekileyo (ukugqitywa "kokuhamba ngeenyawo"), ukuya kwinkqubo yezinto zokucoca ngoomatshini ngaphandle kombhobho ogqobhoziweyo, ukuya kumlinganiselo ozenzekelayo opheleleyo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula eyandisa uqoqosho lwedama ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabantu (i "ubukrelekrele" ukugqiba).
Iityhubhu zeMveliso
Umbhobho wequla osetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ulwelo lwamanzi.Iityhubhu yokuvelisa idityaniswe namanye amacandelo okugqiba ukwenza umtya wemveliso.Iityhubhu yemveliso ekhethiweyo kuyo nayiphi na ukugqitywa kufuneka ihambelane nejometri yequla, iimpawu zemveliso yedama kunye nolwelo lwamanzi.
Umgca wokutofa
Umbhobho omncinci we-diameter oqhutywa ecaleni kwee-tubular zemveliso ukwenza inaliti ye-inhibitors okanye unyango olufanayo ngexesha lemveliso.Iimeko ezinje nge-hydrogen sulfide ephezulu [H2S] okanye ukubekelwa isikali esiqatha kunokuchaswa ngokutofwa kweekhemikhali zonyango kunye nezithinteli ngexesha lemveliso.
Isithinteli
I-agent yekhemikhali yongezwa kwisistim solwelo ukulibazisa okanye ukuthintela ukusabela okungathandekiyo okwenzeka ngaphakathi kolwelo okanye ngezinto ezikhoyo kwindawo engqongileyo.Uluhlu lwe-inhibitors lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso kunye nenkonzo ye-oyile kunye negesi yamaqula, njenge-corrosion inhibitors esetyenziselwa unyango lwe-acidizing ukuthintela umonakalo kumacandelo e-wellbore kunye ne-inhibitors esetyenziswa ngexesha lokuvelisa ukulawula umphumo we-hydrogen sulfide [H2S].
Isitofu samachiza
Igama eliqhelekileyo leenkqubo zokutofa ezisebenzisa izisombululo zeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo zokuphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile, ukususa umonakalo owenziweyo, ukucoceka kwe-perforations evaliweyo okanye iileya zokwakheka, ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukubola, ukuphucula i-oyile ekrwada, okanye ukulungisa imiba yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kweoli ekrwada.Isitofu sinokuqhutywa ngokuqhubekayo, kwiibhetshi, kwimingxuma yokutofa, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kwimithombo yemveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-27-2022